Personal Statement On Curriculum And Its Goals - 1567 Words

Position Statement on Curricula There are many thoughts about curricula and its goals that it is supposed to accomplish. Looking back throughout history there are many changes that curriculum has gone through, from No Child Left Behind to the Common Core Curriculum. If you were to sit down with teachers, parents, community members, and even law makers I don’t think that you would get the same answer between any of them about what the general goals of curricula are. For me, it is a struggle to sit down and begin to think about what the goal of curricula. As a student and a teacher that has seen the changes in curricula my experiences have definitely influenced my thoughts about what the goals of curricula should be and the roles of the teacher, student, parent, and community are within those goals. General Goals of Curricula The general goals of curricula in my opinion are to provide students with life skills, thinking skills, and basic skills. To provide students with life skills the curricula needs to allow for students to develop individual responsibility, self-management, intellectual curiosity, and integrity. Curricula should provide students with the ability to apply classroom learning to real world experiences in a relevant and valuable way. Curricula should also provide students with the ability to use higher-order thinking skills, such as, critical thinking, creativity, decision making, problem solving, and reasoning. I believe that if anything curricula should atShow MoreRelatedThe Ethics Of The Code Of Ethics1312 Words   |  6 Pagestreatment goals and objectives. In order to address this conflict, I need to seek further training in this area. Greater instruction will allow me to be more competent helping clients dealing with similar issues. The council on Social Work Education Policy and Standards has four categories of material that are combined in accredited programs to promote both knowledge and a professional conduct amongst social workers. These four categories include: program goals and mission, explicit curriculum, implicitRead MoreEvaluate the Importance of Business Processes in Delivering Outcomes Based Upon Business Goals and Objectives.1299 Words   |  6 PagesActivities to Achieve Results | Table of Contents Introduction 1 Body 2 Evaluate the importance of business processes in delivering outcomes based upon business goals and objectives. 2 Appendix 22 Bibliography 26 Body Evaluate the importance of business processes in delivering outcomes based upon business goals and objectives. Structure of an organisation is the way the people and different departments are set out. XXX School’s structure is shown in Appendix 1. It’s is widelyRead MoreThe Use Of Formal Standardized Testing And Norm Reference Assessments Of Young Children859 Words   |  4 PagesWhen addressing the statements of NAECY, NASP AND THE DEC they all three are for the children. They all relate around the family and wanting the family involved. The all have a clear understanding of what an assessment is and how it is to be carried out. They all are curriculum based and feel that it should be age- appropriate. They all link back to goals that link to the curriculum. Last but not least they have similarities when it comes to assessing the programs. Standardize testing The NAECYRead MoreEssay about Personal Educational Philosophy1069 Words   |  5 Pagespaper is my personal educational philosophy statement. It represents my ideas and values about teaching and learning; it reveals my personal teaching beliefs and their relation to the five major established educational philosophies; it shows my role and responsibilities in educational process. I place great significance on personal style of instruction and its influence on curriculum implementation. The paper also highlights my career aspiration and orientation. Personal EducationalRead MoreThe Role Of Instructional Leader At Napavine Jr.934 Words   |  4 Pagesthe operation of the building, the curriculum selection, staff’s adherence to state and federal mandates, student behavior and staff behavior. The principal expects teachers to teach the curricula selected by teachers and to adhere to the general attendance and behavior expectations set forth by our mission statement. His role is to guide staff and students to meet these expectations. Jason keeps apprised as to when each department is allowed to adopt new curriculum and then gives that department timeRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Education1476 Words   |  6 Pages CLES 871 Foundations of Higher Education Summer 2015 Instructor: Joel Abaya, PhD Personal Philosophy of Education Submitted by: Wessam Elamawy . Personal Philosophy of Education Introduction: From the very beginning of my life I recognized the importance of higher education. I am 34 years old. I am Egyptian. I was born in a highly educated family . My father earned a Ph.D. in chemistry. My uncle earned a Ph.D. in Engineering . My aunt is a doctor. My grandparents wereRead MoreSupport Diversity Within The School1679 Words   |  7 PagesIt strives to build a community that values, celebrates and responds to diversity (Brisbane Catholic Education, 2015). Catholic schools cater for students who have a diverse range of personal characteristics and experiences. These characteristics and experience include various physical, religious, cultural, personal health or wellbeing, intellectual, psychological, socio-economic or life experiences (Queensland Catholic Education Commission, ______). This diversity provides an opportunity to embellishRead More Challenge of Defining a Single Muliticultural Education Essay666 Words   |  3 Pageschange in the curriculum adding new and diverse materials (2nd paragraph). As the world changes our ability to learn should grow. New things happen every day and the only way we can grow from these things is to open our eyes and realize what is going on. Society tackles many different things each day and we never know what’s going to happen until after it does. Entering new things into the curriculum based on current issues is a positive thing in my eyes. Adding to and enhancing the curriculum adds moreRead MoreThe Controversy Over Trigger Warnings On Campus Essay1260 Words   |  6 Pagesuniversities such as, the University of Chicago and Tufts University have publicly expressed their grievances about trigger warnings on campus. Both universities communicated to their students that they will not support trigger warnings since challenging curriculum and free thinking is needed for students to succeed in the classroom. Trigger warnings have constantly been in the center of media criticism. Because of this, some readers of this article might have preconceived beliefs about trigger warnings thatRead MoreHow Data Driven Decision Making Essay1470 Words   |  6 Pageshas been around for years in one form or another. The implementation of the No Child Left Behind Act stimulated dedicated educators to learn the correlation between data driven decision-making and successful school improvement plans. The legislative goal was to ensure academic success across all socioeconomic frontiers. Districts across the country were steered into driving their instruction with data and teacher collaboration. This has lead to districts that have successfully found the correlation

Criminalization of the Homeless Community - 2622 Words

CRIMINALIZATION OF THE HOMELESS COMMUNITY Many individuals experience homelessness do not have certain needs, including affordable housing, adequate income and health care. Some homeless persons may need additional services such as mental health or drug treatment in order to be securely housed. This research paper will discuss what homeless means, various ways in which individuals become homeless, trends, laws that effect the homeless , and do decriminalization of the homeless community help or hinder the situation. To be homeless means a person is considered homeless who lacks a fixed, regular, and adequate night-time residence; and... has a primary night time residency that is: (A) a supervised publicly or privately operated†¦show more content†¦Enactment and enforcement of laws that punish people for begging or panhandling in order to move poor or homeless persons out of a city or downtown area. Enactment and enforcement of laws that restrict groups sharing food with homeless persons in public space Enforcement of â€Å"quality of life† ordinances related to public activities and hygiene (e.g. public urination) when no public facilities are available to people without housing. Adoption of laws and policies that punish homeless people rather than addressing the problems that cause homelessness is an ineffective approach. Penalizing people for engaging in innocent behavior – such as sleeping in public, sitting on the sidewalk, or begging – will not reduce the occurrence of these activities or keep homeless people out of public spaces when they have no other place to sleep or sit or no other means of living. With insufficient resources for shelter and services for homeless people, enforce punishment for unavoidable activities is not only pointless, it is inhumane (Brown,1999, July/August). Relying on law enforcement officials and jails to address homelessness and related issues, such as mental illness and substance abuse, that are more appropriately handled by service providers, causes problems and widespread frustrations within the criminal justice system. Police officers are not adequately trained to respond to the situations that arise, the c riminal justice system does not provide the necessary treatmentShow MoreRelatedHomelessness And Poverty And Homelessness1699 Words   |  7 Pagesasleep, to store your belongings, or to stand still? For most of us, these scenarios seem unrealistic to the point of being ludicrous. But, for homeless people across America, these circumstances are an ordinary part of life. (National Law Center on Homelessness and Poverty 7) While a portion of today’s society turns a blind eye to the subject of the criminalization of homelessness, an even larger quantity of people are not aware of the situation that is happening in every major city of America. For thoseRead MoreFunding For The Homeless Shelter861 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"In January 2015, 564,708 people were homeless on a given night in the United States† (National Alliance to End Homelessness). People become homeless due to a numerous amount of reasons, but the problem comes down to the low number of affordable housing and â€Å"the limited scale of housing assistance programs† (National Alliance to End Homelessness). Coming from a small town in Northwest Iowa and never encountering a homeless person, the homelessness issue in Iowa City was brought to my attention uponRead MoreHomelessness : An Aspect Of Society1300 Words   |  6 Pagesabout the constant growth of homelessness. Through economic policies and community advertisem ents, the government can control the issue of individuals who are facing poverty. There is a list of certain rights that every natural born citizen is granted once they are born. This conveys no matter what social or economical state the citizen is, his or her rights cannot be taken away, but must be protected by the government. Homeless citizens then do maintain these undeniable rights and remain under theRead MoreTaylor s Campaign : The Homeless1690 Words   |  7 PagesThe Homeless Kristal Lopez California State University, Fullerton Sociology 371 Section 02 Abstract Homeless are people who do not have the basic necessities to survive which leads them to living on the streets. In places like Santa Monica there are many homeless and rather than the city addressing the problem they are just making it like it doesn’t exist. Forcing the homeless to fix the situation when they are not able to get through. Middle class Santa Monica residents see the homeless as aRead MoreLegislative Bill : An Effective Tool For Advocacy Essay1734 Words   |  7 Pagespredecessor, the Right to Rest Act. The Right to Rest Act was the first bill to be introduced in March of 2015 and came to the attention of Representative Melton through the nonprofit organization Denver Homeless Out Loud. The concern grew out of enforcement of ordinances that harmfully impacted homeless individuals, such as the urban-camping ban enacted in Denver in May of 2012. The urban-camping ban, in effect, criminalized homelessness. The bill is aimed at establishing necessary rights for indi vidualsRead MoreLegislative Bill : An Effective Tool For Advocacy Essay1627 Words   |  7 Pagespredecessor, the Right to Rest Act. The Right to Rest Act was the first bill to be introduced in March of 2015 and came to the attention of Representative Melton through the nonprofit organization Denver Homeless Out Loud. The concern grew out of enforcement of ordinances that harmfully impacted homeless individuals, such as the urban-camping ban enacted in Denver in May of 2012. The urban-camping ban, in effect, criminalized homelessness. The bill is aimed at establishing necessary rights for individualsRead MoreWeakness Of Homelessness1232 Words   |  5 PagesStrength. There are health centers for homeless to aid in not only their health, but their outreach programs set them up in the right direction. Like in this case study, the center assisted him in signing up for health insurance and food benefits. Some programs, give homeless the psychological help. Weaknesses. Unfortunately, homeless must want to not live on the streets and give up the additions to recreational and prescription drugs and alcohol. They tend not to because they feel ostracized, beingRead MoreArgumentative Essay : Am I A Criminal?2178 Words   |  9 PagesCriminal? Despite communities lacking sufficient affordable housing and shelter space, cities are continuing to penalize people forced to live on the streets and in public spaces and in addition include criminal penalties for violations of these laws. Instead of criminalizing the homeless and wasting millions of dollars, we should unite with advocates that are going to help protect those living on the streets and go head to head with those laws that strongly discriminate against the homeless. As humanRead MoreA Reflection On Policy Observation883 Words   |  4 Pagesis that organizations paint this image of morality and striving to help the homeless, when really what they preach compared to their actions are very incongruent. For example, Mr. Gladiator is a Muslim and he was praying outside of Kroger and was asked to leave because he was supposedly disturbing customers, but in reality he was just praying for them. This ties into commercialization where businesses will kick homeless people out of their properties establishment to appear more high quality. This

frankenstein ethos Essay Example For Students

frankenstein ethos Essay The story begins with and is enveloped by Waltons letters to his sister. His sister is very close to him; as can be seen by the affection terms used for her and the comfort level that Walton has with her; terms such as dear sister and my sister. This relationship that Walton has with his sister is placed on the reader through his expressions and use of language. The reader is forced into the role of a character that already has some developments. Waltons sister is a character that exists prior to the story; this can be seen by the way Walton treats his subject. Because the reader is the audience with her, the reader is pushed into that role, but not to become a part of the story, only to develop the relationship with Walton. The purpose of this suddenly close relationship is to bring credibility to the narrative of Frankenstein and ultimately bring credibility to the narrative of the monster. This is done be enveloping Waltons letters around both these narratives. These layers sustain the relationship through the novel and allow the reader to be outside of the story, physically in another location as Waltons sister is, but to be close and credible. This established relationship that the reader is now part of allows the emotions that Waltons sister may have felt to be recreated and obvious to the reader. Be Assured I will not rashly encounter danger. Walton reassures his sister and it is made clear to the reader that she feels concern for him due to his tendencies. This emotion that she feels is recreated by his words of comfort to her. This pathos helps to build the relationship as do the other elements in combination with it. In many circumstances, the letters also appeal to a more logical sense. Walton believes in his cause and believes that his sister (and reader) do not agree with this cause. Because of this temperament, Walton feels the need to justify his actions. So he justifies his actions with logical proof, these logical proofs appeal to the mind of the reader. This logos helps to build the relationship as do the other elements in combination with it. The story ends with the letters to complete the encirclement and enclosure of the relationship so that all the elements that helped build credibility and a relationship in the beginning are sustained throughout. Bibliography:Behrendt, Stephen. Approaches to teaching Shelleys Frankenstein. New York : ModernLanguage Association of America, 1990. Mellor, Anne Kostelanetz. Mary Shelley, her life, her fiction, her monsters. London :1989. Shelley, Mary. Frankenstein. New York : Dover Publications, 1994. Swearingen, C. Jan. Rhetoric and irony : western literacy and western lies. New York :Oxford University Press, 1991. Although the letters create an effective and believable ethos, unless the story within sustains this credibility where situations become unbelievable, the narration loses effect.

How did the nation-state emerge Essay Example

How did the nation-state emerge Essay The historic state was formed of feudal societies, where the Kingdom had to be governed to its best potential. Control over the land was a crucial task as there were threats of warfare from other Kingdoms. The form of control of feudal societies were that of warfare and economic. The other method of control was for instance Theatre of Atrocity a concept used by Foucault. This control sends out the message that the Kings power is overwhelming and who dares displease the King will forfeit. This was practised by the barons and nights. Subsequently absolutist monarchs started to manage their populaces including the serfs intensively. The state started considering making use of its populaces as a use value. [1] They used what Foucault called new technologies of power, which works by dressage. Foucault defines dressage as an exercise to demonstrate control with no productive end. A society engages in this action for the purpose of demonstrating control and discipline in spectacle performance. There are rewards and penalties to this application of dressage. The application of these concepts by the Kingdom leads to the state that was managing itself by competition and improved methods of doing things. It was Taylorism even before Taylor. But why was the state pushed to use these methods? Perhaps it was the pressure of warfare and accumulation of revenues. Managing a population gradually becomes a matter of dressage instead of staging a Theatre of Atrocity: a transition to an absolutist state. In some place and time people had become emotionally attached to their own sates. Andersons study on the Creole classes demonstrates this best. Anderson is concerned with determining why it was Creole that developed early conceptions of their belongingness, nation-ness well before most of Europe. We will write a custom essay sample on How did the nation-state emerge specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on How did the nation-state emerge specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on How did the nation-state emerge specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The Creoles started to have the sense of belongingness between each others. The contrast to the metropolis contributed greatly to the emergence of this sense. [3] Thus a sense of distancing people who were not part of this community emerged. However the belongingness itself is left unexplained by Anderson. Andersons study showed that between 1808 and 1828 those of upper Creole classes were financially ruined. The interesting facts are that people were willing to give up their lives for the cause. This represents some form of emotional attachment. In the long run the sates regarded this as an advantage as people were wiling to sacrifice their lives for their community a community that is imagined. Anderson in fact defines nation as an imagined political community imagined as both inherently limited and sovereign. Communities are to be distinguished by the style in which they are imagined[4]. For Anderson, the notion of imagined is very important. National identity is not inherent in the individual, but is formed and transformed within and in relation to representation. We only know what it is to be English because of the way Englishness has come to be represented, as a set of meanings, by English national culture. a nation is not only a political entity but something which produces meanings a system of cultural representation. People participate in the idea of the nation as represented by its national culture[5]. Anderson notes that the nation is imagined because the members of even the smallest nation will never know each of their fellow-members, meet them, or even hear of them, yet in the minds of each lives the image of their communion[6]. Finally, it is a community in that the nation is always conceived as a deep, horizontal comradeship even though there may be inequalities within it[7]. Andersons study of official nationalism identified that these national emotional attachments were threatening absolutist states (e. g. , Russia, England, and Japan) and so these regimes were required to permit the empire to appear attractive in national drag[8]. This could mean that this national drag disguised the features as imperialising mission and suppression of other nations, by figuring themselves as nations and not empires. So the absolutist state used nationalism as a tool to manage the population. We saw the state manages the population through many ways and one of the best sociological understandings of state management comes from Giddens work. Modifying Foucaults view of power he argues that through surveillance the state manages the population and economy. He believes this is a key attribute of modern states. The populace in return resists this surveillance. Table 1. 1 elaborates each category of rights that correspond to a particular dimension of surveillance including some examples. These surveillance techniques were not free from weakness. People were still to belong to something: judgments were made on biological, cultural, territorial or religious difference. These are being practiced even today. For example in order to qualify for citizenship rights people have to be a member of that particular territory. In the case of America immigrants need to pass a citizenship exam[9], which is also what the British government is looking into at the moment. Those who do not fit particular categories do not qualify for citizenship rights. However there is another concern here. What is it to be American for example? As seen in Andersons study, there is no doubt that imagined culture exists. I was born between an American father and a Japanese mother. I only hold American passport. Is being American to be half Japanese and half American? Imagined belongingness prevails also within the context of qualifying for citizenship rights. In sum the state has the power to include and exclude people from its territory and through this they can practise nationalist ideology. Category Type of surveillance Locale of resistance Example Civil Rights Surveillance as policing Judicial and punitive organisations controlling deviant conduct Law court the locale for resistance, but extends to all situations in which this type of surveillance carried out If I was wrongfully arrested then I have the opportunity to claim that I am not guilty as charged! Political Rights Surveillance as reflexive monitoring of state administrative power Parliaments the locale for resistance but extends to all situations in which this type of surveillance carried out In 1834 six farm workers from Tolpuddle, Dorset were found guilty on trumped-up charges related to their membership in a clandestine trade union. Soon, petitions pleading for mercy were pouring into Parliament. Free pardons had been granted to all six men. Economic Rights Surveillance as management of production (This surveillance is that of, for example, fordism or taylorism: a scientific management of production) Workplace the locale. Main settings for resistance are found in the mechanics of collective bargaining trade unions and employers. (The state stays out of this locale of resistance) If I am fed up with how my manager treats me I will bring this up with my trade union representative. Unison is a public worker trade union. Each organization has several representatives to give advise and pressure the right people as appropriate.

One_day_i_wrote_her_name_upon_the_strand Essays -

One_day_i_wrote_her_name_upon_the_strand ?One Day I Wrote Her Name upon the Strand? by Edmund Spenser is a sonnet about a man who vainly tries to write his lover's name in the sand at a beach, only to see it wiped away by the tide. He then realizes that his name will be wiped out as well, eventually (alluding to death). However, the man goes on to realize that his lover's virtues shall last forever in fame (perhaps via this poem, of sorts) and that even in death, their love will live and later be renewed. ?One Day I Wrote Her Name upon the Strand? is a good poem about the powerful feelings of love and fearing not death as the end of love. Poetry and Poets

What Chemistry Is and What Chemists Do

What Chemistry Is and What Chemists Do Chemistry is the study of matter and energy and the interactions between them. This is also the definition for physics, by the way. Chemistry and physics are specializations of physical science. Chemistry tends to focus on the properties of substances and the interactions between different types of matter, particularly reactions that involve electrons. Physics tends to focus more on the nuclear part of the atom, as well as the subatomic realm. Really, they are two sides of the same coin. The formal definition of chemistry is probably what you want to use if youre asked this question on a test. Why Study Chemistry? Because understanding chemistry helps you to understand the world around you. Cooking is chemistry. Everything you can touch or taste or smell is a chemical. When you study chemistry, you come to understand a bit about how things work. Chemistry isnt secret knowledge, useless to anyone but a scientist. Its the explanation for everyday things, like why laundry detergent works better in hot water or how baking soda works or why not all pain relievers work equally well on a headache. If you know some chemistry, you can make educated choices about everyday products that you use. What Fields of Study Use Chemistry? You could use chemistry in most fields, but its commonly seen in the sciences and in medicine. Chemists, physicists, biologists, and engineers study chemistry. Doctors, nurses, dentists, pharmacists, physical therapists, and veterinarians all take chemistry courses. Science teachers study chemistry. Fire fighters and people who make fireworks learn about chemistry. So do truck drivers, plumbers, artists, hairdressers, chefs... the list is extensive. What Do Chemists Do? Whatever they want. Some chemists work in a lab, in a research environment, asking questions and testing hypotheses with experiments. Other chemists may work on a computer developing theories or models or predicting reactions. Some chemists do field work. Others contribute advice on chemistry for projects. Some chemists write. Some chemists teach. The career options are extensive. Where Can I Get Help With a Chemistry Science Fair Project? There are several sources for help. A good starting point is the Science Fair Index on this website. Another excellent resource is your local library. Also, do a search for a topic that interests you using a search engine, such as Google. Where Can I Find Out More About Chemistry? Start with the Chemistry 101 Topic Index or list of Questions Chemistry Students Ask. Check out your local library. Ask people about the chemistry involved in their jobs.

Analysis & Critique of The Third Angel Book by Alice Hoffman Essay

Analysis & Critique of The Third Angel Book by Alice Hoffman - Essay Example The third story is about Maddy’s mother; Lucy. At the tender age of 12, Lucy was forcibly pulled to attend the wedding of her stepmother’s sister. Half-heartedly Lucy attends the wedding with no joy, unhappy face and an unrest soul. The novel revolves around the sweetness of love and the sheer bitterness of heartbreak filled with a triumph of hope that makes every individual hopeful for a bright sunny day after a dark stormy night. Critical Analysis of the Novel: Alice Hoffman has intelligently interlocked three stories together in a single book, though each story sounds about a different individual but somehow all the three characters of this novel are cleverly linked with one another. The Third Angel is all about love and betrayal, hope and misery, happiness and sadness that haunts around and inside the Lion Park Hotel as ghosts; shouting and screaming in madness. The room 707 in the hotel always makes the presence of the ghosts be felt through their angry voices; sho uting high right at 10.30 p.m. Alice Hoffman has set the events taking place in different years 1999, 1966 and 1952. ... A person may lack words to explain the author’s efforts in maintaining the flow of the story without distracting the mind of the reader. The author has showed her efforts that how skillfully she has managed to keep the pace of a novel. The characters can be seen going through the rough patch in their lives, sometimes appearing as innocent as a little child and sometimes cruel enough to be betraying their loved ones. They are living with their suffering souls that sometimes they transform into Third Angel as described by Frieda’s doctor father. Frieda remembers her father as a serious, practical but a loving man. Her father used to take her on his house calls, where he tells her about the three angels; the Angel of Life, the Angel of Death, and then there is another Angel, who is known as the Third Angel. He tells Frieda that the Angel of Life and the Angel of Death ride with him when he makes a house call but then there is another third angel, who is a mysterious one; t he doctor tells Frieda, 'You can't even tell if he's an angel or not. You think you're doing him a kindness, you think you're the one taking care of him, while all the while, he's the one who's saving your life.' Alice Hoffman’s characters are complicated to understand. They love and then they betray their loved ones or even sometimes, they end up betraying themselves. But these characters possess some heroic traits in them. They learn how to mend their broken souls and sometimes, without our knowing they become, the Third Angel. They learn kindness, compassion for their loved ones, for those whom they betray and for themselves. Main Themes of the Novel: The main themes of the novel revolve around life and death and about loving someone with all your heart and

A Story of Forgiveness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A Story of Forgiveness - Essay Example From this paper it is clear that in the solution-centered approach provided by Charles Alan Kollar in his book, he focuses on counseling to take off the attention from the problems thereby helping the counselee to focus on the solution leading to emotional and psychological well-being. This type of counseling will allow Bruce to come out of the hard situation he is going through to realize further needs to educate drag drivers and other young individuals about safety. In such a way, he can recover from the problem he is going through and at the same time, it will provide inspiration for other individuals who have gone through a similar situation. In addition, this will help promote safety among young individuals who might risk their safety of themselves or others while acting rashly.This discussion outlines that  Bruce shows characteristics of a D type in the DISC relational style and hence he likes to lead and take charge. This quality can prove to be positive during his treatment according to the approach mentioned in Johnson and Johnson's book as he is suffering from an anxiety disorder after the loss of his daughter and his wife.  A very important challenge to deal with will be Bruce's involvement and his progress during the treatment. A result-oriented or solution-oriented approach is appropriate for Bruce's current behavioral position.

Business enviornment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business enviornment - Essay Example The counter for the Planned Economy is the Mixed Economy. The Mixed Economy has provided an opportunity to the private stake-holders to invest and contribute in the economic development of the country. The balance of power and equilibrium is maintained between the private and public stake-holders. The economic policies formulated are implemented only after the incorporation of the recommendations of the private stake-holders. The production capacity of the private sector is non-conditional, and the private companies have the right to avail any business opportunity locally and internationally. The contribution of the private sector is therefore tremendous under the concept of mixed economy. The mixed economy offers freedom to private- sector produce and expands as per their plans; however this is strongly discouraged under the concept of planned economy. The overall economic performance of the country is assisted by the contribution of the public and private sector, and it is importan t for the government to take lead and monitor the business plans of these sectors. The private sector is basically interest-driven sector, and many significant and critical factors of the country's economy are ignored by the private-sector while defining their economic targets and production plans.

Strategic Management And Leadership Skills

Strategic Management And Leadership Skills Initial part of this report emphasizes on relationship between leadership and strategic management and how can organization get benefited using this dual combination. Organizations are using these concepts in improving organization performance and communication. Leadership styles such as Autocratic, laissez-fare and Participative also supporting leaders achieving organizational objective efficiently which ultimately result into successful accomplishment of organizational goal. Later part of this report stresses on various leadership theories (Transformational, Transactional, Charismatic, Situational etc) which companies are now implementing in order to refine their organizational process using innovation, flexibility, involvement, effective communication, authorization, contingent rewards and management by exception concepts. Apple is successfully using different leadership theories in order to systemize their processes. Lastly this report inculcates the future of leadership concept in business context and how companies can implement these concepts in order sustain and survive in the marketplace. Introduction Effective leadership helps business in times of peril. It makes the organization successful. Without leadership, organizations lose their way and face stagnancy. Organization give more stress on correctness, completeness and timeliness of work but leadership actually work upon it by different means of effective implementations. Leader stimulates the behavior of employees through proper motivation and gets the work done. A good leader is one who is capable of making a weak business plan success on the other hand a poor leader can devastate even the best plan. In short, leader can make or break the business. (Mills.D.Q., 2005) For example, Winston Churchill has a deep insight as well as foresight. He was futuristic and visionary. It is evident from the fact that he warned his fellow Englishman about the upcoming threat from the Hitlers army. However, most Englishman ignored his warning and felt that instead of involving in war Hitlers army would be pacified so that war could be avoided. Further, they resented Chuchill for his proactive warning. They did not show faith in his leadership. The resultant of this was that the Englishman had to fight a war with the German army. Had the Englishman been listened to Churchills warning they would have been in advantageous position which did not happen. After that incident Churchill was praised for his vision, pro-activeness, and foresight. During the Second World War he became the Prime Minster of England and people of England accepted his leadership (Mills.D.Q., 2005). Another wonderful example of Leadership is Harley-Davidsons Rich Teerlink. During the period of 1980s the USA based motorcycle manufacturer Harley-Davidson had to face stiff competition from its Japanese counterpart such as Yamaha, Honda and Kawasaki. The company was almost outmaneuvered by the competition on every aspect. In order to be in the competition it needed to change and change significantly. Rich Teerlink somehow managed to keep the company financially sound but a lot of other things were simply not in place. The company faced a daunting challenge to improve its systems and procedure along with product innovation to stay in the market. Rich accepted this challenge and completely changed the internal dynamics of the company. He formed a bottom up (from employees to manager) organization rather than top down (from managers to employees). This move helped the organization in understanding the problems faced by organization quickly and hence it helped the company in solving them quickly as well. During the course of the time this leadership approach of Rich built stronger organization than it was earlier. The employees were motivated and more confident to contribute towardss organizations success (Mills.D.Q.2005). In the ideal organization, the top level the leadership should stay close to the ground. (Barth, R. 1993-94) 1. Understand the relationship between strategic management and leadership. 1.1 Explain the link between strategic management and leadership Strategic Management- Strategic Management includes evaluating strategic objectives and aims, enhancing organizational performance, communicating and implementing change, developing the performance of the teams, strategic decision making. Leadership- It is a process by which one person influences the thoughts, attitudes, and behaviors of others. Leaders set a direction for the rest of us; they help us see what lies ahead; they help us visualize what we might achieve; they encourage us and inspire us. (Mill, D.Q. 2005) Leadership is understanding people and involving them to help you do a job. That takes all of the good characteristics, like integrity, dedication of purpose, selflessness, knowledge, skill, implacability, as well as determination not to accept failure. ( Burke, A. 2005) Relationship The word management reflects terms such as efficiency, planning, paperwork, procedures, regulations, control and consistency on the other hand Leadership is associated with the terms like risk taking, dynamic, creative, change and vision. As per some researchers, Leadership is value-laden activity and management is not, Leadership stress in doing the right things whereas management believe in doing things right (Bennis, 1985; Zaleznik, 1983). Leadership and management complement each other, and both are vital to organizational success. The issue of Leadership versus management takes the middle-of-the-road position. They are considered closely related but possess distinguishable functions. This can be easily understood with help of figure 1-1. This figure shows that Leadership and management are two over-lapping functions. Management and leadership complement each other and a person who is a manager should be a leader committed to the customers, employees, suppliers and the community at large. (Testa, 2001) Apple Incs Steve Jobs is a perfect example of Leadership and Management. Although, Steve Jobs was a co-founder of Apple Computer but got fired as CEO once at the age of 30. In 1997, he returned back in the company as CEO, and started leading the company. When he realized that Apply was losing market share and finding it difficult to fight with Microsoft, he decided to reinvent every product of Apple offered, and gave a boost to their employees with a most powerful tool of leadership momentum and managed the whole situation successfully. He understood the essentials of leadership and management and accordingly built such environment wherein each and every employee developed hence, drove the entire groups efforts towards the accomplishment of goals. He got his employees so accustomed to change that they expect it now. Renovating again and again has become a line of attack for Apple Inc. such as Apple iPod, Nano, iPod Mini, Shuffle, iPod Video etc. Steve Jobs accustomed his employees to change and innovation in such a way that if one day he could walk into Apple proclaim that they are planning to make washing machines then nobody would think hed have lost his mind rather his employees would jointly say, Guide us the way, boss and tell us how to fabricate best washing machines anybody so far made. Leadership and globalization In order to stay ahead in this competitive environment it is very important for any organization to take necessary steps to face both domestic and foreign competition effectively. Organizations should start focusing on global framework for strategic marketing, planning, and operations. Recent development in various aspects such as transportation technologies for electronic data interchange, global communications, international marketing, finance and management, resources planning etc have improved the potential of organizations to operate globally in this aggressive environment. To sustain in this global environment each and every organization needs to have focused global vision and knowledge of various cultures, customs and methods wherein they to function. They also have to understand different regulatory and legal arrangements and aspects of countries in which they intend to operate. 1.2 Analyze the impact of management and leadership styles on strategic decisions. There are various styles of leadership and management which have an impact on strategic decision of any organization. Leaders uses all these styles, depending on combination of their beliefs, values and preferences, what forces are involved, the situation, organization culture, norms etc. The three major styles of leadership are (U.S. Army Handbook, 1973) which are as follows:- 1.2.1 Autocratic / Authoritarian style In this style decision-making authority is with the leader. In this style opinions and suggestions from subordinates are not entertained. 1.2.2 Delegative / Laissez-faire / Free reign style In democratic leadership style decision are taken with the help of suggestion and opinions of group of employees, such as any instruction is given after consulting with the employees. 1.2.3 Participative / Democratic style- In this style, liberty is given to employees while doing any task e.g. leaders give freedom to deciding their own methods and policies. 1.3 Evaluate how leadership styles can be adapted to different situations Autocratic style can be used with new employees as they are in a learning stage. The new employees will feel motivated while learning new skills. Participative style can be used where leader is aware of the problem but dont have all relevant information on the other hand employees are well-versed with their work and want to participate in organizational decisions. Delegative style can be used where employees know their work more than leader thus has to take ownership of work. This generally allow leader to easily perform other task. There is no set pattern to follow and use these leadership styles. A good leader adopts all three styles together as per the situation arises. These styles play a very significant role in strategic decision making of an organization. With the effective use of these styles group can achieve its objective efficiently which ultimately result into successful accomplishment of organizational goal. For organizational success, leadership is considered prerequisite therefore it is prominent for all types of organizational structure (Khaleelee Woolf, 1996). Organizational variables like, job satisfaction, organizational commitment and communication are the most significant factors of organizational effectiveness (Lashchinger, 2001) and performance (Riketta, 2002; Kramer, 1999; Angle, 1981). According to some researchers, there is a strong connection between turnover and organizational variables like job satisfaction, organizational commitment and communication (Benkhoff, 1997; Baugh Roberts, 1994). For instance, when employees are not satisfied with their work and look forward for other opportunities in order to quit and dont get opportunities then they generally quit the organization mentally therefore it depicts that job satisfaction, organizational commitment and communication are quite essential while assessing the overall contribution of employees towards the organization. Leadership and organizational variables are highly correlated (Williams Hazer, 1986; Lok Crawford, 1999; 2001). Therefore, with the effective and sensible utilization of Leadership styles, organization can motivate and inspire its employee to large extent in order to achieve organization objective. 2. Apply management and leadership theory to support organizational direction. 2.1 Review the impact that selected theories of management and leadership have on organizational strategy. 2.1.1 Transformational Leadership Transactional leadership occurs when one person takes the initiative in making contact with others for the purpose of an exchange of valued things. Burns (1978) There are four components of transformational leadership, which are: Charisma or idealized influence Charismatic leaders exhibit assurance and conviction, they take stands and persuade their followers on an emotional level. Robust trust is maintained among followers and leaders which are usually built on the foundation of moral and ethical. These leaders are the Role models for their followers. Inspirational motivation These leaders demonstrate clear vision to motivate the followers using inspirational and appealing concepts and theories. Intellectual stimulation These leaders promote their followers for creative things and emphasize on building connection with the organization, employees and the objectives. They also encourage them to discover new opportunities and different ways of doing things. Individualized consideration or individualized attention These leaders understand followers needs and address them properly. They also acknowledge the contribution of followers in the team and always act as a mentor. They foster caring relationships; transformational leaders keep healthy environment so that followers feel free to impart their ideas and opinions so that their unique contributions can be recognized. 2.1.2 Transformational leadership Transformational leadership occurs when one or more persons engage with others in such a way that leaders and followers raise one another to higher levels of motivation and morality. Burns (1978) Contingent Reward Transformational leaders clearly assign the work which is to be accomplished and give reward when results are achieved. Management by Exception Passive: In case of intolerable performance or deviation in required standard, transformational leaders take corrective measures or give punishment. Active: In order to complete the assigned work as per required standards in stipulated time, transformational leaders actively monitors the whole process and uses different methods. Laissez-Faire Leadership Laissez-faire leaders leave so much responsibility over their subordinates; they engage themselves in paperwork and try to avoid argumentative situation. They dont help them in decision making activity and leave them isolated to handle situations independently since they want to keep good relation with everybody. 2.2 Leadership strategy that supports organizational direction. APPLE Inc. Case Study- Leadership Apple Inc. is a USA based multinational company which operates in the domain of IT and computers and was founded by Steve Jobs. The company is famous for its products such as Makintosh, iPod, and iPad. The company also has its own operating system. Apples products have revolutionized the market of computers with recent iPad 2 being the talk of the market. The company under the leadership of Steve Jobs has shown aggressive product innovation to lead in the market and kept competitors at bay. The leadership traits of Steve Jobs are widely acknowledged around the globe. Even at the time when he was on medical leave to fight his cancer he used to give strategic advice to the top level management of the company. This attitude of Jobs was a great source of inspiration for the employees of the organization. He created self belief in his employees and that is the reason that he has given the responsibility of the business development to Tim Cook (current COO). Steve Jobs is known for his transformational leadership style that he implemented in Apple Inc. Like a transformational leader he was a firm believer of the fact that transforming others to help each other, to look out for each other as a source of knowledge and motivation, to be encouraging and harmonious, and to look out for the organization as a whole are the factors important for the success of organization. The vision of Steve Jobs to provide computers as a tool to change the world attracted him many of the global talents. The basic traits of the leadership style of Steve Jobs are mentioned below: 1. Focus 2. Innovation 3. Passion 4. Involvement, and 5. Effective communication The focus and passion for innovation are one of the primary reasons for Apples success. Steve Jobs induced this feeling in employees through effective communication that innovation is the difference between the leader and the follower. The success of this philosophy could easily be understood by the fact that Mac, iPhone, iPod, and iPad all these products changed the dynamics of the computer world with competitors left out with no option but to follow. During the visit of PARC Research center Steve jobs got an idea that mouse-driven graphical user interface is a future of computing (Bennis Biederman, 1997), The failure of Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC) (due to lack of transactional leadership) was the reason of Apple success. Steve jobs did what Bob Taylor could not do i.e. creation of Transactional leadership style. Through Transactional leadership style, he created the systems and structures at all the levels of his organization. Through this Steve became successful in generating knowledge at every level within the organization so that employees can work unanimously with single frame of mind for organization success, keeping the vision of the company enacts. And the result of this was Apple Mackintosh. By looking at the Apples success under the brilliance and leadership of Steve Jobs it can be said that transformational leadership theory and transactional leadership theory provide a foundation for understanding how leaders impact the cultivation of knowledge (Bass, 1985; Conger Kanungo, 1998; House, 1977; House Aditya, 1997). Conger (1999) recently argued that researchers should continue developing transformational and charismatic leadership theory and doing exploratory research in this area. Exploring the role of leadership styles in converting knowledge into competitive advantages is important to our understanding of leaders and organization. 3. Access and Development of Leadership Requirement As businesses have entered into the new millennium therefore extensive concentration and observation would be needed to identifying the competencies, ability, skills and knowledge of manager/leader of twenty-first century (Greenberg, 1998; Shapiro, 1999; Kaydo, 2000; Dimitrijevic and Engel, 2002; Kacena, 2002). Future managers will need to posses both managerial and leadership attributes like tangible, measurable skills and intangible, soft-skills. Tangible skills includes knowledge of concepts, styles, theories, financial procedure etc on the hand intangible skills consist of assurance, adaptability, flexibility, commitment, vision etc. In order to sustain in the competitive environment every organizations should provide learning to their employees, which could be in terms of different management/leadership development programs and approaches therefore they should introduce productive sessions to widen their root, emotionally, conceptually, theoretically and environmentally with the intention to increase their analytical capabilities; to facilitate sellf-awareness (Byrt, 1989:14). These activities will educate the managers whilst process of management and will simultaneously improve the efficacy in a work place (Jones, Ball and Shellens, 1972:6). Organizations should develop in-house programs for employees that transmit knowledge which is significant for their success. Such formal management/leadership education programmes offer beneficial skills to future managers/leaders including introspection skills, interpersonal skills, resource allocation, leadership, information processing, conflict resolution, decision-making, entrepreneurial, (Watson, 1993:17). Future leaders will need to be acquainted with international and global environment so that they can do business effectively and efficiently. Leaders required to be well prepared for external complexities of business (e.g., managing the companys interface with regulations, trade, political, and media groups etc and several other wide ranges of issues)(Cacioppe, 1998). 4. Conclusion Leadership skills can be developed through basically two methods. First, self-help e.g. viewing events from multiple perspectives or learning from mistakes, second, formal learning through developmental activities e.g. training courses, developmental assessment, job rotation, seminars, self-directed learning, executive coaching, companies own universities, action learning, and partnership with key academics and mentoring. In-house programs will help developing because of their experiential (practical) learning base. They are generally based effective organizational, leadership and successful self-management leadership competencies e.g. thinking and acting strategically, emotional intelligence, social intelligence, ability to learn, systems thinking. Leadership development programs and sessions help participants to become emotionally intelligent leaders, who are passionate and competent builders of a productive, supportive and enjoyable work environment. It will assist both current leaders and potential leaders to develop their leadership attributes further. Leadership skills can be developed through basically two methods. First, self-help e.g. viewing events from multiple perspectives or learning from mistakes, second, formal learning through developmental activities e.g. training courses, developmental assessment, job rotation, seminars, self-directed learning, executive coaching, companies own universities, action learning, and partnership with key academics and mentoring. Future leaders will need to be acquainted with international and global environment so that they can do business effectively and efficiently. As explained above Apple is extremely successful by implementing leadership theories in the organization. In order to sustain in the competitive environment every organizations should provide learning to their employees, which could be in terms of different management/leadership development programs and approaches therefore they should introduce productive sessions to widen their root, emotionally, conceptually.

Loneliness=craziness In Robins :: essays research papers

Throughout Daniel Defoe’s, Robinson Crusoe one may see the effects of solitude on the development and life of the main character. When Robinson Crusoe becomes stranded on a desolate island, he must do whatever is necessary to survive. After being on the island for several years Crusoe learns to adapt to his surroundings and live with what he has. One thing he does not have for most of his stay there is a companion, another person to talk to, someone to share his thoughts with and help him out. To fulfill his desires of wanting company, Crusoe decides to let God become his companion. He starts to read the Bible and learn Christianity. Defoe seems to be a very strong believer in God. He believes that God’s providence shapes the lives of all men and that any unusual circumstances or misfortunes that occur happen because that is the way God wanted it. Throughout the novel one can see other instances of divine intervention in Crusoe’s life. Even though Robinson Crusoe is under impractical circumstances, stranded on this remote island, his isolation enables him to learn numerous things and become a devote Christian. He learns how to become an architect, a carpenter, a baker, a tailor, a farmer, an umbrella maker, and even a preacher. Crusoe becomes a very independent and resourceful individual as the novel progresses.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the 17th century, the Catholic reform was sweeping through many parts of Europe. The period from 1600 to about 1750 is known as the Baroque Era. Throughout this period the Catholic Church was fighting back against the effects of the Renaissance. The people of the Renaissance society started to question their beliefs in the church and tried to rationally explain the world around them. Several crusades were fought throughout this period and in the end England and France became â€Å"Christianized.† Robinson Crusoe was published during the Baroque Era and it contained a great amount of Catholicism. Crusoe becomes a good Christian during his lonely stay on the deserted island and he also converts his companion Friday when he arrives on the island from cannibalism to Christianity. Crusoe believes that God put him on the island because that was his fate and that he must be happy with what God has chosen for him. This is the reason why Crusoe looks at the posit ive side of all things. Crusoe has been placed on this barren island as a punishment for his sins (disobeying his father) and for leaving his middle station of life.

The Effect of the Northern Drilling

A deep subsurface rock core for paleoclimate reconstruction was collected in October and November 2007 during the South McMurdo Sound Project (SMS) of the Antarctic Geological Drilling Program (ANDRILL). To allow for deeper penetration and more efficient core recovery, water-based saline drilling fluids were utilized. A total of 5. 6Ãâ€"105 L of fluids was lost in the subsurface. The fluid was comprised of surface seawater from the sound, as the wetting agent mixed with densifying compounds (mainly potassium chloride and small amounts of fourteen other compounds including biodegradable organics).When exploring pristine locations a main goal needs to be minimizing the amount of biological and chemical contamination. Introducing a contaminant such as drilling fluids could negatively alter the in situ conditions; affecting the environment even after the exploring party has departed the system. The fate of contamination on the subsurface environment from invasive exploration methods int o pristine environments is not well known.In this study, computer models (MODFLOW, SEAWAT) that are used by hydrogeologists to establish the fate and transport of contamination were utilized to determine the extent of the drilling fluid contamination from the sea floor to 1100 mbsf. In these models, previously collected logs for lithology, porosity, fracture density, drilling fluid loss, drilling fluid characteristics, and temperature were used as different parameters in the model.In addition, biodegradation and sorption constants for the drilling fluid were determined. These factors are important to determine the extent and half-life of the drilling fluids in the subsurface. Samples of drilling fluids used during coring and return fluids were collected from the drill site and were used to determine the biodegradation of the drilling fluids. The overall goal of this research project is to utilize the rich data set provided by SMS ANDRILL and some basic la

Irregular Past Participle Forms

Irregular Past Participle Forms Irregular Past Participle Forms Irregular Past Participle Forms By Maeve Maddox I went through elementary school in the bad old days, when teachers drilled the class on irregular verbs. For example: Teacher: go Student A: go, went, have gone Teacher: come Student B: come, came, have come Teacher: write Student C: write, wrote, have written I don’t recall when the drills began, but I’m pretty sure we didn’t do them after the sixth grade. By then, as they say, we knew the drill. From my experience I conclude that a child of eleven or twelve is capable of mastering the irregular verb forms. That’s why I don’t understand why so many grown-ups writing on the Web get them wrong. Here’s a sampling. By the way, one of these examples is from a writer of British English, and one is from the official web site of a museum in a large American city. I’ve had this post sitting around for a while. Since I’ve written it, I’ve went back and forth about posting it. A few weeks ago I started having wrist pain from playing too much basketball. Since then Ive went to many doctors and some have said its tendonitis, I want to publish my book I have wrote. Paleo-Indian people are thought to have came to Wisconsin from the west and south about 12,000 years ago. Old English had hundreds of what we now call irregular verbs, most of which have become regularized with -ed endings. For example, the old past forms of help–holp and holpen–now have the regular forms helped and helped. The process of regularization continues. For example, while many speakers still prefer to say slay, slew, (have) slain, others have begun to say slay, slayed, (have) slayed. The irregular verbs most resistant to change are the ones we use most frequently, like come and go. Because they are such high-frequency words, one can only wonder why speakers who have completed six or more years of formal education haven’t mastered their forms. Perhaps readers of forums or amateur blogs aren’t troubled by â€Å"have came† or â€Å"have began,† but readers in search of accurate information probably wouldn’t attach much confidence to anything written on the following sites, each of which presents itself as a reliable source of knowledge: Giant asteroids might have began the age of dinosaurs as well as ended it. (headline on science site) Over the last few decades humans have began to bend and break the laws of natural selection- laws that have governed life on Earth for the past four billion years.  (course offerings, university site) Working with what we have at the moment, we have began putting some of our birds together so we can open up enclosures and make them much bigger! (Australian wildlife park) Related post: Beware of the Irregular Past Participle Forms Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Coordinating vs. Subordinating Conjunctions35 Genres and Other Varieties of FictionThrew and Through

Drug Testin in the Workplace essays

Drug Testin in the Workplace essays Drug testing in the United States began with the explosive use of illegal drugs, in order to curb drug abuse. This began during the Vietnam War with drug use at a climax. In general, Drug testing is a way to detect illegal drug use and deter it, usually by Urinalysis. Drug testing in the United States violates a citizens right to unreasonable search and seizures along with jeopardizing ones freedom. Drug testing is not only an unreliable invasion of a persons privacy but it assumes that one is guilty before submitting to the Drug testing began to take place in the mid 1960s when drugs like Marijuana, hallucinogens and other drugs were becoming widespread (Stencel, pp.201). The military implemented mandatory drug testing because of the widespread use and the number of Vets that were returning home because of addiction. Ronald Reagan pushed for employers to implement drug testing and even had himself screened for illegal drugs to encourage employers and to reduce opposition to testing (Stencel, pp. 200). The increased concern about drug abuse has, in part, ben the result of the early 1986 appearance on the streets of crack-a new, powerfully addictive form of cocaine-and the growth of cocaine addiction (Berger, 12). President Reagan later called for a second In October of 1986, President Reagan signed into law a 1.7 billion dollar antidrug bill, called the Drug-Free Workplace Order. In addition to the bill, Reagan instructed his cabinet officers to create a plan to begin drug testing for federal civil employees (Berger, 14). Drug testing thus begun a sharp climb into the area of private employers. In November of 1988 Congress passed an Act requiring grant recipients or federal contractors to maintain drug-free workplaces. Most of the employers set up voluntary testing programs and many employees began to sue, claiming that indivi...

Hinduism And Its Features Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Hinduism And Its Features - Essay Example Shaivism is known for systematic philosophy in its texts. For Shaivites, human predicament is full of differentiation and bondage. Many experience discrimination and restrictions. This is caused by superficial knowledge. They suppose that the truth is not attained because individuals are blinded by what they can only understand through their basic senses. Hence, the goal is to reach ultimate consciousness. This is characterized by enlightenment and freedom. Armed with this higher truth, people can be liberated from false perceptions. Vaishnavism asserts that literature should be interpreted more metaphorically than literally. Vaishnavites consider human predicament as depicted by unhappiness or false happiness. In addition, people do not experience the true essence of love. This is so because of greed and temporary pursuits. Therefore, the goal is to be united with the Supreme Being. When this happens, genuine love and happiness may be fulfilled. This can then be realized through renunciation of material fondness by prioritizing on spiritual development. After disciplined practice, divine maturation ensues and is followed by perfection. Like other beliefs, Hinduism generally aims to improve existence. Both Shaivism and Vaishnavism have religious goals for improvement. Though they may have variations, they believe in man’s abilities. Indeed, man has its numerous limits. Nonetheless, he also has the capacity to achieve greatness.

Is it inevitable that an organisation must become bureaucratic Essay

Is it inevitable that an organisation must become bureaucratic - Essay Example The paper tells that the main responsibility of preindustrial government was to protect their territories from any possible attacks by external enemies. The defense was usually regarded as an expensive factor and the empire was highly dependent on the extent of bureaucracy in order to collect taxes. Preindustrial bureaucracies were not only restricted to collecting taxes or maintaining order, but it was even inclined towards economic activities. Bureaucratic structures were not only witnessed in context of imperial governments but also in the realm of religion. The growth of bureaucratic organizations was initiated from religious and political domains. This eventually got incorporated into private enterprises with the growth of complex and larger economies. During the 19th century, it was observed that scope of manager became wider. The reason behind this trend was the employment of large-scale workers. Occupational specialists were also growing during this time period because of tec hnological advancement. Increasing complexity of organizational structure also facilitated territorial expansion. This, in turn, gave rise to the wide array of administrative difficulties. Bureaucratic organizations emerged due to changes in scope and scale of firms. A range of firms from retail stores to steel mills required hundreds or thousands of employees, who can accomplish set tasks within a specified time frame. Organizations started to recruit wide scale of employees so as to divide tasks amongst various worker groups. Social and economic changes were initiating problems for enterprises but it was even outlining mechanisms to address these issues. Automobiles and railroads enabled managers to travel across organizational units to supervise team members. Communication technologies helped managers to allocate tasks and monitor the performance of various geographical sub-divisions. These modern technologies were a way to organize workforce and enhance the level of employee pro ductivity. The organizational revolution had been started in the 20th century. The approach of bureaucratization had led to well-transformed work culture.

Contemporary Study of the Impact of Standardization and Harmonization Dissertation

Contemporary Study of the Impact of Standardization and Harmonization of Accounting Standards - Dissertation Example However, the existence of dissimilar accounting practices can be a crucial challenge linked with the aforesaid procedure. In this similar context, ethical dilemma plays an imperative part in harmonising along with standardising the accounting standards as it concerns certain significant moral values that include honesty, reliability, durability and integrity among others. From research methodological viewpoint, both quantitative as well as qualitative research approaches have been taken into concern. Moreover, valuable data associated with this research study has been collected through the execution of structured interviews in the form of questionnaires that has been administered to the officials of the companies following different accounting standards like IASB and IFRS among others. Besides, hypothesis testing by utilising a statistical tool of correlation as a form of meta-analysis has also been considered for this particular research study. Table of Contents Abstract 2 Chapter 1 : Introduction 5 1.1Background 5 1.2Research Problems 6 1.3Research Aims and Objectives 7 1.4Methodological Overview 8 Chapter 2: Literature Review 10 2.1 Importance of Standardization and Harmonization of Accounting Standards 10 2.2 Advantages of Standardization and Harmonization of the Accounting Standards 12 2.3 Challenges of Standardization and Harmonization of the Accounting Standards 14 2.4 Role of Ethical Dilemma in Standardization and Harmonization of the Accounting Standards 15 2.5 External Influencing Factors to Support or To Oppose the Benefits of Standardization and Harmonization 17 Chapter 3: Research Methodology 19 3.1 Research Design 19 3.2 Data Collection and Evaluation 22 3.3 Ethical Consideration 24 Chapter 4: Findings 25 4.1. Benefit of Standardisation and Harmonisation to Its Users 25 4.2 Benefits Accordingly Achieved by Companies in the Recent Phenomenon 26 4.3. Role of Ethical Dilemma in Obtaining the Benefits from Standardisation and Harmonisation 29 4.4. Exte rnal Influencing Factors to Support or To Oppose the Benefits of Standardization and Harmonization 30 4.5 Hypothesis Testing 37 Chapter 5: Discussion 40 5.1. Reasons or Motivations behind Standardisation and Harmonisation of the Accounting Standards 40 5.2. Advantages and Challenges of Standardization and Harmonization of the Accounting Standards 43 Chapter 6: Conclusion and Recommendations 49 References 53 Bibliography 61 Appendix 64 Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Background The perception of standardisation is fundamentally described as the process of creating uniform business methods throughout different locations or divisions. This particular concept tends to diminish the jeopardy of failure by consistently complying with the business related operational expenditures as well as the performance based objectives (Richen & Steinhorst, 2005). Relatively, the conception of harmonisation is commonly described as the adjustment of the inconsistencies or the differences prevailing amid var ious business policy standards, procedures, specifications and protocols (NSCA, n.d.). Contextually, the Accounting Standards (ASs) are primarily recognised as the specific guidelines which are duly authorised by the skilled professionals relating to any accounting, regulatory or government body. The ASs comprises the significant

A new teenage magazine with the target Essay Example for Free

A new teenage magazine with the target Essay The brief was to produce a new teenage magazine with the target audiences of either or both male or female within the target range of 13 to 19 years old. In the process of the production we could working in groups or individually. Working in a group of three produce front page and a double page spread article for the new magazine. In the production each member of the group need to have a minimum of three original pictures. Before staring the production i made a project schedule to with deadline for each sections of the production. To fulfil the brief i started researching similar text. It would best suit me to produce a magazine for male audience hence researched magazines complementing boys titles such as TOPGEAR, EVO and MAX POWER. The mise en scene and the conventions of all these magazines had resemblance regards to the design, layout. For example the magazine names where all in bold fonts with use of strong colours representing stereotypical macho man characteristics. Technical codes such as the high angle shots used to denote the power of the cars. All the magazines included vast number of images that consist of Mid shots, Mid Close Up and Mid Long shots of the cars facing the magazine to grab the attention of the readers so that they wont be bored of reading a long article. The researches into similar text help me to decide some important aspects of the magazine. I carried out a questionnaire and interviews. the questionnaire was give to both males and females. I found that there was a demand for teenage car magazine in the market but my foundings showed that females didnt have much of interest in cars. The males where asked if they would or wont buy the magazine the majority said they would if the magazines contented more of their interests of sex and cars. Whereas females lacked interest. in the questionnaire the done most participants were interested customising their cars. And that they find the cost of insurance and fuel to high some when considering to sale their cars. I have chosen my target audience to be male so both of the interviewee i interviewed where males between 16-19 drives. From this i would be able observe the interests and the difficulty first hand. To meet the demand of the targeted audience i have decided to have an article on ways to get cheaper and more affordable insurance. The format that I have decided to adopt is similar to the one of the other Car magazines and as this I found from the interview was preferable by my target audience. I have chosen the name TOPSPEED which follows the stereotype that most male readers want fast cars and babes. I would be reviewing a car that relates to target audience cars that has small engine and cheaper insurance category so that student can financially afford to drive it. The planning involved a subject matter research where the main research was done for Ford Fiesta ST in areas like car specification and its stability for young drives using i cold write up the double page spared article. The other area i researched was for student car insurance. This could be used to write up a mini article to help and give advice for getting cheap car insurance. I had never used Photoshop before so the whole process was an opportunity to learn new skill. I got some practise on Photoshop and Publisher before i started the final production. The technical skills that we practised in class include lighting. Regarding lighting, it can be used to create a particular mood. I started off by brainstorming me ideas. Finally deciding on car giving information and review car of a car that is affordable to teenagers as my target market will be more interested in rather than an expensive car that they may have trouble affording. I had descried to review the new Ford Fiesta ST because this would perfectly for my targeted audience since it had a small engine which uses less fuel plus it had i low insurance category meaning lower insurance premium. The Ford Fiesta ST was the sport version denoting speed and boy racers. Regards the design Ford was a very good looking Supermini which would easily grab the attention of the targeted audience. Analyzing the questionnaire cost of insurance was other area where young drivers had difficulties so i had decided to add tip to get cheap insurance. I write up a draft article using the information from the research which i will later improve for a magazine standard. Use this i experiment different layout for front cover and the double page spread and the use of font size different colours so that i had clear idea what work and what doesnt in a car magazine plus this help with how i want to take the pictures. I experimented with different typeface for the magazine name with different fonts colours and size to see which suits best for the front cover. Before the photo shoot i had to have a miscellaneous paperwork and productions design which includes the location of the shoot which is in Edgware i wont do any alteration to set design which is the car showroom. The showroom will have a good lighting so there is no need for me to arrange any sort of lighting for the shoot. I could have different action for the cars open doors or turn the wheel sideways will show the wheels properly and give the car character. The miscellaneous paperwork need to be done for risks assessment, equipment book forms, access permission and call sheets to be taken to the shoot location signed and dated by the person give the permission to take the photos The photo shoot was hard to arrange I called up several Ford dealerships to organise a photo shoot but only a couple of the dealership agreed to let me take pictures in there showrooms. The space around the car was limited for that reason most of the pictures i took was close up shoot or mid shoots i wasnt able to get any long shoot which would have helped show all the outer features of the car. The showroom had too much light i couldnt take some of the photos that i wanted. The car was parked in way that i could get pictures from back of the car. I wanted to take close up pictures of the speed-o-meter of the car but the staring wheel came was obstruction which i couldnt get clear picture. The staring wheel was locked which meant i couldnt turn the wheel sideways which is a convention in must car magazines. I didnt want the background of the photos i took using Photoshop i cut them out with the Magic wand tool and using the smudge tool smoothen the edges. I did this with most of the photos i wanted to use in the production. i decides to use black background for the red car. This is because the colour of the car would stand out and it strong male on your face colours. When i placed the photos on the cover page over a black background you could still see the ragged edges around the car. To solve this problem i added drop back shadow which covered the edges. I decided to use all caps and with modern but simple bold fonts in white colour that would stand out with black background. I downloaded a font from internet that you could make barcode with it this way i could customize the barcode specifically for my magazine. Inside the magazine for the main headings i used the same fonts as i had on the front cover. Experimenting with the layout I found one that would suit the best for the double page article. I divided the columns into equal sizes with little gaps between to make it easy to read. I give white border around the all the pictures used in the double page spared and place them on top of each other to give it a nice effect. When i improved my draft article and paste it into the columns of the double page spread using auto flow the article was too long and didnt fit into the area i wanted it. I thought that teens would be bored to read a long article so i decided to shorten it. I decided to have a different colour background for the mini article about insurance.

Nurse Occupational Stress Essay -- Health, Nursing, Stress

[2492 final] CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1. INTRODUCTION We need to be aware that all stress is not negative. Selye a famous psychologist held for two categories of stress, namely good or desirable stress (eustress) and bad or undesirable stress (distress). Eustress is pleasant, or at least challenging, and it always produced maximization of output. It is evident that without this positive inner stimuli no one can be effective in ones life. Distress is something negative and has no capacity to monitor or control a stress filled event in ones life. Here one fails to control oneself and become a slave to stress causing distress and loss to oneself and to the organization he or she belongs. A physical or psychological response is mandatory to occur stress in any living being. (Middleton, 2009). Occupational stress among the health professionals has been a global problem for years now. It can have an adverse mental and physical health consequences and can lead to decreased satisfaction with one's job. For a small group of employees it can even lead to a burnout and sick leaves. Job stress thus has not only negative consequences on themselves, but also for the organization they work. Estimates are that 10% of the Gross National Product in European countries is lost due to stress related absenteeism and turnover. Although absenteeism' in health care is declining the past few years, it is still high compared to other stressful occupational settings such as education, catering industry or transport (Roy, 2010) The researcher has carried out this study in a private hospital in India named Jubilee Memorial Hospital Thiruvananthapuram. In this study the researcher has focused on the occupational stress of the nurses. ... ...luded. In this section the researcher will closely examine the connection between the objectives, reviewed literature and the findings. Chapter -5: The last section of this research report is recommendation and relevant conclusion. 1.14. CONCLUSION In the modern era, nursing profession is a stressful occupation. This study will critically analyse various sources of the occupational stress of the Nurses and its negative impact on their profession. It is definite that future interventions to prevent stress in nurses will be offered as a standard part of a benefit package within all health care organizations. The researcher is optimistic that the Nursing profession will have decreased amount of stress and a well developed increased coping mechanism which will in turn increase job satisfaction and increased quality work performance in Nursing Care.

A Streetcar Named Desire Film Analysis Essay

These actors take on the difficult task of bringing two complex, emotional characters onto the silver screen. With spot-on reactions to each others’ theatrical advances, the pair create an experience that is both enjoyable and expressively coherant. Vivian Leigh was cast for the role of Blanch DuBois for various reasons. She was white, slender, beautiful and had already acted in several other films. Tennessee Williams, the author of the original play, saw Leigh’s performances in plays such as â€Å"The School for Scandal† and â€Å"Antigone†, and decided that she was perfect for the role. All that Leigh needed to change was the color of her hair, which was originally black. Leigh does a splendid job of portraying Blanche’s ascending insanity by seamlessly transitioning from melodramatic anguish into her signature faux semblants, or pretense. An example of this is the scene where Blanche sits alone in Stella’s apartment crying until a delivery man comes to the door. Blanche is then quickly transformed into a mysterious temptress who seduces the young man into kissing her. Leigh’s uncommon ability to switch from such extreme emotions brings a refreshing distinction to the film. Blanche’s eccentric and offbeat personality requires a talented actress to be be fully realized. Leigh’s acting style works well with the other actors’, and expresses a coherence so profound that one might often forget that she is acting. The role of Harold Mitchell was one that needed to be fulfilled in order for the script to make sense. Mitch is described as being two hundred and seven pounds, six foot one and having â€Å"a massive bone structure†. His physique is an important aspect of his character, thus making it imperative for the actor to meet these conditions to be casted for the role. Karl Malden is tall and bulky, with a large nose and a receding hairline. These traits accenuate Mitch’s awkward demeanor and informs the audience of how lonely he is without him having to say it. Malden also shares Leigh’s ability to transition between emotional extremes. For instance, in the beginning of the scene where Mitch confronts Blanche about her lies, he is silent. Though after hearing more of her absurd grip on reality, he snaps into an aggressive brute who pins Blanche to the wall. Malden’s on-screen chemistry with Leigh is apparent throughout the film, and is believable the entire time. Vivian Leigh and Karl Malden’s performances perfectly depicted the tragic twosome that is Blanche and Mitch. With Leigh’s seamless transitions of polar-opposite emotions and Malden’s angry yet passsionate fits of rage, the two give what are easily the best performances of the film. From their intriguing introductionto their dreadful departure, no purer chemistry has been captured so passionately.

“Afterwards” by Thomas Hardy Essay

‘Afterwards,’ by Thomas Hardy, is a poem that questions the way that people will look upon the narrator after his death. It centre’s around the idea of ‘noticing things,’ showing the narrators precision and the ambivalence of his neighbours. Hardy gets this across by the techniques that he uses, and the detailed descriptions which show the full extent of what the narrator has noticed. The poem shows the complexity of nature, and describes the cycle of life. The first stanza begins by personifying the ‘Present,’ which is very appropriate as the poem is concerned by the aliveness of the surroundings that it is describing. The reference to the back gate suggests closure, and is a very precise way of describing the end of the narrator’s life. This sense of closure is also demonstrated in the structure of the poem, which is self-contained in its alternate rhyming quatrains. It has a rhyming pattern of abab, which means that the poem is soft and pleasing to hear, reflects the quietness of nature and goes along with the idea of the man being gentle and ‘tremulous’. It is also pleasing to the eye as each stanza loosely mirrors the previous one. However the number of syllables varies in each line, which means the poem is not constrained by its structure. This is fitting to the content of the poem as there are references to birds, and flying which has the connotations of freedom. An example of this is, ‘And the May month flaps its glad green leaves like wings.’ This animal imagery is totally un-restrictive, as well as painting a very bright and vibrant picture of the season that he is describing. The alliteration, combined with each line only having one syllable helps to achieve the bouncing, jolly effect. The line also shows enjambment from the first line that is a technique carried on throughout the poem, adding to the overall continuity. The month of May is also described as being ‘delicate-filmed as new spun silk.’ This simile gives a very precise description of the beauty of spring, comparing it to a shiny new fabric, and giving it an almost transparent quality. There are also the connotations of value and exquisiteness. The second stanza moves consecutively from daytime to dusk, using appropriate  language to describe the time. Hardy is precise in describing the moment the hawk lands as like ‘an eyelids soundless blink.’ This has the combined effect of conveying both the visual swiftness of movement, and also the quietness of the moment. He manages to create an eerie tone by using the word ‘shades,’ which gives the impression that there are many shadows and it is not very easy to see. The eerie tone is continued by the ‘wind-warped upland thorn,’ in which the plosive ‘R’ sound adds to the feeling of rustiness. It shows that the narrator does not only appreciate the bright beauty of the day time, but the more mystical quality of the evening, therefore noticing the full complexity of what nature has to offer. The idea of the day wearing on continues in the third stanza, where the first line foregrounds the rest of the stanza by stating; ‘If I pass during some ‘nocturnal blackness,’ which clearly sets the scene for night time. This is carried on by the description of the hedgehog and the moths, which only venture out at night, which creates a mood of peace and tranquility. The idea that the hedgehog travels furtively suggests a sense of purpose, that the hedgehog has a sly, secret mission to complete, which will go unnoticed in the rest of the world. This seems symbolic for the narrator, who seems to be discretely observing everything. T he secretiveness would help explain the distance that seems to be between him and the rest of the human beings around him. This distance is further achieved by the fact that there are never any names mentioned, or any suggestion of family or relationships. For example ‘one may say,’which is typically impersonal.Stanza four moves from describing the animals that the narrator identifies with, and is more focussed of the narrator and his idea of the people around him. It is different from the previous stanzas in that there is no movement within it, which is appropriate because Hardy is describing the time when the narrator has been ‘stilled at last.’ The focus switches from the visual nature the narrator is so utterly familiar with, to the ‘full starred heavens that winter sees.’ Therefore he is thinking about the unknown, and the life that awaits him after he dies. Again there is the use of personification for winter, as there was for spring, which is important as it signifies the end of the  seasonal cycle where things wither and die.Continuing this somewhat disconsolate tone, the beginning of the last stanza seems to give up on human nature. It asks, ‘and will any say when my bell of quittance is heard in the gloom.’ This brings you back to the closure suggested in the first stanza, where he describes the gate closing on his life. The image of the bell contrasts to the silence of the previous stanzas, especially the one immediately preceding it. It describes the sound dying, and then rising again as a ‘new bells boom.’ The alliteration again helps the line move quickly, suggesting the speed that people rush around. The onomatopoeic word ‘boom’ suggests the loud noise that people make, contrasting to the peace and tranquility of the nature and animals that he describes. The poem ends by asking if the people will say, ‘he hears it not now but used to notice such things?’ This sums up the whole poem, which is expressing how people will not ask these questions. The refrains bring in the new voice in each stanza, having the effect of uniting each one. The meaning of each of the final lines never really changes, achieving the realization that the narrator knows that he will never change the views of the people around him. Hardy is criticizing human nature for not stopping long enough to reflect on what is really meaningful in people’s lives. Therefore in conclusion the repetition of the first line, that ends the poem sums up the whole idea that nothing has actually been resolved. It emphasizes the complexity of nature and the amount of things that goes unnoticed every day and night. Hardy employs various techniques to make the poem come alive, which is crucial in showing his appreciation of what is going on around him. He uses extensive imagery, so that it is both visual, such as by describing the colours, and the explicit detail that is in every small thing that he describes. The silence is also transmitted effectively by word choice such as ‘soundless blink.’ It is also effective in identifying his affinity with animals, as opposed to human beings.

Goggle Eyes by Anne Fine essays

Goggle Eyes by Anne Fine essays Anne Fine uses a number of literary features in her novel Goggle-Eyes to influence the ways the reader responds. These literary elements include: point of view, theme, style, plot, mood/tone, setting and characters. Point of view establishes how the reader sees the story. Lukens (2003, p 168) describes this type of story-telling as one where the reader is able to live, act, feel and think the conflict as the protagonist experiences it and tells it. Fine uses first-person point of view effectively throughout the novel as the reader shares the opinions and feelings of the narrator, Kitty Killin, one of the main characters. Although scarcely more than a child, Kitty appears to be a trustworthy and likeable narrator as she is intelligent, articulate and perceptive. She often appears wiser and more insightful than the adults in the novel. As a result of this we find ourselves sharing her views. Even though Kitty is quite harsh towards Gerald, we agree with her assessment of Gerald as a political Neanderthal (Fine, 1989, p 28) and understand why she states that, After that horrible, horrible row with Mum I absolutely hated him. (Fine, 1989, p 35) Later in the novel when Kittys feelings towards Gerald change, as she wonders if she hadnt been a bit unfair to poor old Gerald Faulkner, deciding so early on that he was the worst thing to have happened to our household since Dad packed his boxes and went off to Berwick upon Tweed....(Fine 1989, p 128) we also modify our views. The personal, chatty style of the novels first person narration, accompanied by simple sentence structure also influence the way we respond. Kittys informal conversational style draws us into her world. We feel as though we are the good friend she is confiding in when she reveals her innermost feelings, for example, when she tells us It suddenly occurred to me that part of the reason I couldnt s...

Italian Proverbs Starting With the Letter A

Italian Proverbs Starting With the Letter A A A buon intenditor poche parole.English translation:  Few words to the good listener.Idiomatic meaning:  A word to the wise is sufficient. A caval donato non si guarda in bocca.English translation:  Dont look a gift horse in the mouth. A chi dai il dito si prende anche il braccio.English translation:  Give them a finger and theyll take the arm.Idiomatic meaning:  Give them an inch and theyll take a mile. A ciascuno il suo.English translation:  To each his own. A confessore, medico e avvocato non tener il ver celato.English translation:  To confessor, doctor, and lawyer do not hide the truth. A mali estremi, estremi rimedi.English translation:  Desperate times call for desperate measures. A nemico che fugge, ponti doro.English translation:  For the enemy who escapes, golden bridges. A ogni uccello il suo nido à ¨ bello.English translation:  To every bird, his own nest is beautiful.Idiomatic meaning:  Theres no place like home. A rubar poco si va in galera, a rubar tanto si fa cariera.English translation:  Steal a little, go to jail; steal a lot, make a career of it. A tutto cà ¨ rimedio, fuorchà ¨ alla morte.English translation:  There is a cure for everything except death. Acqua cheta rovina i ponti.English translation:  Silent waters run deep. Acqua passata non macina pià ¹.English translation:  Thats water under the bridge. Aiutati che Dio taiuta.English translation:  Help youself and God will help you.Idiomatic meaning:  God helps those who help themselves. Al bisogno si conosce lamico.English translation:  A friend in need is a friend indeed. Al contadino non far sapere quanto à ¨ buono il formaggio con le pere.English translation:  Dont let the farmer know how good cheese is with pears. Ama il prossimo tuo come te stesso.English translation:  Love thy neighbor as thyself. Ambasciator non porta pena.English translation:  Dont shoot the messenger. Amico di tutti e di nessuno à ¨ tuttuno.English translation:  A friend to all and a friend to none is one and the same. Avere le mani in pasta.English translation:  To have a finger in the pie. Introduction to Italian Proverbs

The Globalization of Capitalism

The Globalization of Capitalism Capitalism, as an economic system, first debuted in the 14th century and existed in three different historical epochs before it evolved into the global capitalism that it is today. Lets take a look at the process of globalizing the system, which changed it from a Keynesian, New Deal capitalism to the neoliberal and global model that exists today. Foundation The foundation of today’s global capitalism was laid, in the aftermath of World War II, at the Bretton Woods Conference, which took place at the Mount Washington Hotel in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire in 1944. The conference was attended by delegates from all Allied nations, and its goal was to create a new internationally integrated system of trade and finance that would foster the rebuilding of nations devastated by the war. The delegates agreed to a new financial system of fixed exchange rates based on the value of the U.S. dollar. They created the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development,  now a part of the World Bank,  to manage the agreed upon policies of finance and trade management. A few years later, the General Agreement  on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was established in 1947, which was designed to foster â€Å"free trade† between member nations, premised on low to non-existent import and export tariffs. (These are complex institutions, and require further reading for deeper understanding. For the purposes of this discussion, it’s simply important to know that these institutions were created at this time because they go on to play very important and consequential roles during our current epoch of global capitalism.) The regulation of finance, corporations, and social welfare programs defined the third epoch, New Deal capitalism, during much of the 20th century. The state interventions in the economy of that time, including the institution of a minimum wage, the cap of a 40 hour work week, and support for labor unionization, also laid pieces of the foundation of global capitalism. When the recession of the 1970s hit, U.S. corporations found themselves struggling to maintain the key capitalist goals of ever-growing profit and wealth accumulation. Protections of workers rights limited the extent to which corporations could exploit their labor for profit, so economists, political leaders, and heads of corporations and financial institutions devised a solution to this crisis of capitalism: They would shake off the regulatory shackles of the nation-state and go global. Ronald Reagan and Deregulation Ronald Reagan’s presidency is well known as an era of deregulation. Much of the regulation created during Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s presidency, through legislation, administrative bodies, and social welfare, was torn down during Reagan’s reign. This process continued to unfold over the coming decades and is still unfolding today. The approach to economics popularized by Reagan, and his British contemporary, Margaret Thatcher,  is known as neoliberalism, so named because it is a new form of liberal economics, or in other words, a return to free-market ideology. Reagan oversaw cutting of social welfare programs, reductions to federal income tax and taxes on corporate earnings, and removal of regulations on production, trade, and finance. While this era of neoliberal economics brought the deregulation of national economics, it also facilitated the liberalization of trade between nations, or an increased emphasis on â€Å"free trade.† Conceived under Reagan’s presidency, a very significant neoliberal free trade agreement, NAFTA, was signed into law by former president Clinton in 1993. A key feature of NAFTA and other free trade agreements are Free Trade Zones and Export Processing Zones, which are crucial to how production was globalized during this era. These zones allow for U.S. corporations, like Nike and Apple, for example, to produce their goods overseas, without paying import or export tariffs on them as they move from site to site in the process of production, nor when they come back to the U.S. for distribution and sale to consumers. Importantly, these zones in poorer nations give corporations access to labor that is far cheaper than labor in the U.S. Consequently, most manufacturing jobs left the U.S. as these processes unfolded, and left many cities in a post-industrial crisis. Most notably, and sadly, we see the legacy of neoliberalism in the devastated city of Detroit, Michigan. World Trade Organization On the heels of NAFTA, the World Trade Organization (WTO) was launched in 1995 after many years of negotiation and effectively replaced the GATT. The WTO stewards and promotes neoliberal free trade policies among member nations, and serves as a body for resolving trade disputes between nations. Today, the WTO operates in close concert with the IMF and the World Bank, and together, they determine, govern, and implement global trade and development. Today, in our epoch of global capitalism, neoliberal trade policies and free trade agreements have brought those of us in consuming nations access to an incredible variety and quantity of affordable  goods, but, they have also produced unprecedented levels of wealth accumulation for corporations and those who run them; complex, globally dispersed, and largely unregulated systems of production; job insecurity for billions of people around the world who find themselves among the globalized â€Å"flexible† labor pool; crushing debt within developing nations due to neoliberal trade and development policies; and, a race to the bottom in wages around the world.